Mary Ellen Bute was a groundbreaking filmmaker who pioneered visual music and electronic art. Between the 1930s and 1950s, she created more than a dozen short abstract animations. Her films, set to classical music by composers like Bach and Shostakovich, feature constantly changing geometric shapes. They are both precise in their structure and full of energy, blending high modernism with a playful sensibility. Lewis Jacobs noted in the late 1940s that Bute's films were like mathematical compositions visualized in light, shadow, and color, mirroring the music's rhythm and development. Bute herself aimed to translate the music's themes and rhythms into visual forms for the viewer.